Power converter

ABSTRACT

A power converter includes a capacitor and a substrate on which a plurality of switching elements for power conversion are mounted. The power converter includes a cooler for cooling the plurality of switching elements and a housing that accommodates the capacitor, the substrate, and the cooler. The power converter includes a power connector exposed from the housing and an output connector exposed from the housing. The power converter includes a plurality of lines that include a plurality of power lines each electrically connected to the capacitor, given switching elements, and the power connector. The plurality of lines include a plurality of output lines each electrically connected to given switching elements and the output connector. At least one among the plurality of lines is a line that includes a conductive pattern formed on the substrate.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation application of International Application No. PCT/JP2021/003936, filed on Feb. 3, 2021, and designated the U.S., which is based upon and claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-038108, filed on Mar. 5, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND 1. Field of the Invention

The present disclosure relates to a power converter.

2. Description of the Related Art

A power converter is known to include an electrical component mounted on a circuit board, a heat sink for releasing heat generated by the electrical component, and a box-like housing that accommodates the electrical component and the heat sink (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Also, a power converter is known to include a cooler that cools a plurality of semiconductor modules and to include a support frame provided on the cooler, where the plurality of semiconductor modules are supported by a support frame (see, for example, Patent Document 2). Further, a power converter is known to include a plurality of semiconductor modules, a cooler that cools the plurality of semiconductor modules, and a case that accommodates the plurality of semiconductor modules and the cooler (see, e.g., Patent Document 3).

CITATION LIST Patent Document

-   [Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application     Publication No. 2018-191388 -   [Patent Document 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application     Publication No. 2016-15863 -   [Patent Document 3] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application     Publication No. 2011-182628

SUMMARY

A connector exposed from the housing of the power converter may be required to be repositioned by an end user or the like. However, when additional design modifications, such as layout changes of internal components of the power converter, are made due to the repositioning of the connector, losses or the like in the time or cost caused by the additional design modifications may result.

The present disclosure provides a power converter that can flexibly deal with a design modification due to repositioning of a connector.

In the present disclosure, a power converter is provided. The power converter includes a capacitor and a substrate on which a plurality of switching elements for power conversion are mounted. The power converter includes a cooler for cooling the plurality of switching elements and a housing that accommodates the capacitor, the substrate, and the cooler. The power converter includes a power connector exposed from the housing and an output connector exposed from the housing. The power converter includes a plurality of lines that include a plurality of power lines each electrically connected to the capacitor, given switching elements, and the power connector. The plurality of lines include a plurality of output lines each electrically connected to given switching elements and the output connector. At least one among the plurality of lines is a line that includes a conductive pattern formed on the substrate.

In the present disclosure, a power converter that can flexibly deal with a design modification due to repositioning of a connector can be provided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a power converter according to one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of an example of a first structure of the power converter in an comparative example;

FIG. 3 is a plan view of an example of the first structure of the power converter in the comparative example;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of an example of a second structure of the power converter in the comparative example;

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of an example of the first structure of the power converter according to one embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a plan view of an example of the first structure of the power converter according to one embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a plan view of an example of the second structure of the power converter according to one embodiment;

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of an example of the power converter according to a first modification of the embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of each switching element;

FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of an example of the power converter according to a second modification of the embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a front view of an example of the power converter according to the second modification of the embodiment;

FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view of an example of the power converter according to a third modification of the embodiment; and

FIG. 13 is a front view of an example of the power converter according to a fourth modification of the embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings. For directions relating to the terms of parallel, a right angle, perpendicular, horizontal, vertical, up and down, left and right, and the like, deviation may be tolerable to an extent to which the effect of the present disclosure is not impaired. An X-axis direction, a Y-axis direction, and a Z-axis direction respectively refer to a direction parallel to an X-axis, a direction parallel to a Y-axis, and a direction parallel to a Z-axis. The X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction are mutually perpendicular to one another. An XY-plane, a YZ-plane, and a ZX-plane respectively refer to a virtual plane parallel to the X-axis direction and Y-axis direction, a virtual plane parallel to the Y-axis direction and Z-axis direction, a virtual plane parallel to the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction. The shape of each component illustrated in each figure is one example, and the present disclosure is not limited to this example.

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a power converter according to one embodiment. A power converter 101 illustrated in FIG. 1 is an inverter that converts, into desired AC output power, DC input power that is supplied from a positive terminal 8 p and a negative terminal 9 n that are a pair of power supply terminals. For example, the power converter 101 is used as an inverter that drives a motor M2 for rotating vehicle wheels. Intended use of the power converter in the present disclosure is not limited to this example.

The power converter 101 includes the positive terminal 8 p, the negative terminal 9 n, a plurality of output terminals 2 u, 2 v, and 2 w, a capacitor 56, and a power conversion circuit 20. The power converter 101 includes a positive line 83, a negative line 93, a plurality of current sensors 28 u, 28 v, and 28 w, a control circuit 17, and a drive circuit 18. The positive line 83 includes a first positive line 80 and a second positive line 57. A negative line 93 includes a first negative line 90 and a second negative line 58. The control circuit 17, or both the control circuit 17 and the drive circuit 18, may be provided in an external device different from the power converter 101.

The positive terminal 8 p and the negative terminal 9 n are external terminals to which a DC supply voltage is applied by a DC power supply not illustrated. A potential at the positive terminal 8 p is higher than that at the negative terminal 9 n. A specific example of the DC power supply includes a battery, a converter, a regulator, or the like.

The output terminals 2 u, 2 v, and 2 w are external terminals for receiving and outputting three-phase AC power, and a motor M2 is connected to the output terminals 2 u, 2 v, and 2 w.

The capacitor 56 is a capacitive element that smooths the DC supply voltage to be applied between the positive terminal 8 p and the negative terminal 9 n. A specific example of the capacitor 56 includes an electrolytic capacitor or the like. The capacitor 56 includes a first capacitor electrode 51 and a second capacitor electrode 52. The first capacitor electrode 51 is a terminal electrically connected to the positive line 83 (the first positive line 80 and the second positive line 57), and the second capacitor electrode 52 is a terminal electrically connected to the negative electrode line (the first negative line 90 and the second negative electrode line 58).

The power conversion circuit 20 is an inverter circuit that converts, into three-phase AC power to be supplied to the motor M2, DC power input to the positive line 83 and the negative line 93 from the positive terminal 8 p and the negative terminal 9 n.

The power conversion circuit 20 is a three-phase bridge circuit that has a plurality of switching elements 21 u, 21 v, 21 w, 22 u, 22 v, 22 w, and 22 w, and generates three-phase AC power by switching the switching elements 21 u, 21 v, 21 w, 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w. The power conversion circuit 20 includes the switching elements 21 u, 21 v, 21 w, 22 u, 22 v, 22 w and a plurality of output lines 1 u, 1 v, and 1 w.

The switching elements 21 u and 22 u that are in a U-phase are connected in series, and a connection node that is intermediate between these switching elements is connected to the output terminal 2 u that is in the U-phase and is connected to a U-phase coil of the motor M2. The switching elements 21 v and 22 v that are in a V-phase are connected in series, and a connection node that is intermediate between these switching elements is connected to the output terminal 2 v that is in a V-phase and is connected to a V-phase coil of the motor M2. The switching elements 21 w and 22 w that are in a W-phase are connected in series, and a connection node that is intermediate between these switching elements is connected to the output terminal 2 w that is in a W-phase and is connected to a W-phase coil of the motor M2.

The switching elements 21 u, 21 v, and 21 w are semiconductor elements that respectively include first main electrodes 23 u, 23 v, and 23 w, second main electrodes 25 u, 25 v, and 25 w, and first control electrodes 14 u, 14 v, and 14 w. The first main electrodes 23 u, 23 v, and 23 w are each electrically connected to the second positive line 57. The second main electrodes 25 u, 25 v, and 25 w are electrically connected to the output lines 1 u, 1 v, and 1 w, respectively, and are electrically connected to the output terminals 2 u, 2 v, and 2 w via the output lines 1 u, 1 v, and 1 w, respectively. The first control electrodes 14 u, 14 v, and 14 w are each electrically connected to the drive circuit 18.

The switching elements 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w are semiconductor elements that respectively include third main electrodes 29 u, 29 v, and 29 w, fourth main electrodes 24 u, 24 v, and 24 w, and second control electrodes 15 u, 15 v, and 15 w. The third main electrodes 29 u, 29 v, and 29 w are electrically connected to the output lines 1 u, 1 v, and 1 w, respectively, and are electrically connected to the output terminals 2 u, 2 v, and 2 w via the output lines 1 u, 1 v, and 1 w, respectively. The fourth main electrodes 24 u, 24 v, and 24 w are each electrically connected to the second negative line 58. The second control electrodes 15 u, 15 v, and 15 w are each electrically connected to the drive circuit 18.

A diode between the first main electrode and the second main electrode is connected in antiparallel with each of the switching elements 21 u, 21 v, and 21 w. A diode between the third main electrode and the fourth main electrode is connected in antiparallel with each of the switching elements 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w.

The switching elements 21 u, 21 v, and 21 w are voltage-driven semiconductor elements each of which has a control electrode (gate), a first main electrode (a collector or a drain), and a second main electrode (an emitter or a source). The switching elements 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w are voltage-driven semiconductor elements each of which has a control electrode (gate), a third main electrode (the collector or the drain), and a fourth main electrode (the emitter or the source). A specific example of the switching element includes a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), or the like. FIG. 1 illustrates a case in which the switching elements 21 u, 21 v, 21 w, 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w are IBGTs each having a gate, a collector, and an emitter.

The switching elements 21 u, 21 v, 21 w, 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w may be switching elements each of which has a semiconductor such as Si (silicon), or may be switching elements each of which has a wide band gap semiconductor, such as SiC (silicon carbide), GaN (gallium nitride), Ga₂O₃ (gallium oxide), or diamond. By applying the wide band gap semiconductor to a given switching element, effects of reducing losses of the given switching element are increased.

Each of the positive line 83 and the negative line 93 is a conductive line member to which the DC supply voltage is applied via the positive terminal 8 p and the negative terminal 9 n. DC power from the DC power supply not illustrated that is connected via the positive terminal 8 p and the negative terminal 9 n is supplied to the positive line 83 and the negative line 93.

The positive line 83 is a conductive member that is electrically connected to the positive terminal 8 p, the first capacitor electrode 51, and the first main electrodes 23 u, 23 v, and 23 w. The positive line 83 is formed of one or more members. In this example, the positive line 83 includes the first positive line 80 and the second positive line 57. The first positive line 80 is a line member that is electrically connected between the positive terminal 8 p and the first capacitor electrode 51. The second positive line 57 is a line member that is electrically connected between the first capacitor electrode 51 and each of the first main electrodes 23 u, 23 v, and 23 w.

The negative electrode line 93 is a conductive member that is electrically connected to the negative terminal 9 n, the second capacitor electrode 52, and the fourth main electrodes 24 u, 24 v, and 24 w. The negative line 93 is formed of one or more members. In this example, the negative line 93 includes the first negative line 90 and the second negative line 58. The first negative line 90 is a line member that is electrically connected between the negative terminal 9 n and the second capacitor electrode 52. The second negative line 58 is a line member that is electrically connected between the second capacitor electrode 52 and each of the fourth main electrodes 24 u, 24 v, and 24 w.

The output line 1 u is a conductive line member that is electrically connected to the output terminal 2 u, the second main electrode 25 u, and the third main electrode 29 u. The output line 1 v is a conductive line member that is electrically connected to the output terminal 2 v, the second main electrode 25 v, and the third main electrode 29 v. The output line 1 w is a conductive line member that is electrically connected to the output terminal 2 w, the second main electrode 25 w, and the third main electrode 29 w. The output lines 1 u, 1 v, and 1 w may be each formed from one or more members.

The current sensor 28 u for the U-phase detects a U-phase current flowing through the U-phase output line 1 u and outputs a U-phase current detection signal indicating the magnitude of the detected U-phase current, to the control circuit 17. The current sensor 28 v for the V-phase detects a V-phase current flowing through the V-phase output line 1 v and outputs a V-phase current detection signal indicating the magnitude of the detected V-phase current, to the control circuit 17. The current sensor 28 w for the W-phase detects a W-phase current flowing through the W-phase output line 1 v and outputs a W-phase current detection signal indicating the magnitude of the detected W-phase current, to the control circuit 17.

With use of at least two current detection signals among the U-phase current detection signal, the V-phase current detection signal, and the W-phase current detection signal, the control circuit 17 generates control signals (for example, pulse width modulation signals) for generating three-phase AC power from the DC power, by using a known method.

With use of a known method, the drive circuit 18 generates a plurality of drive signals for driving the switching elements 21 u, 21 v, 21 w, 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w, such that three-phase AC power is generated in accordance with the control signals supplied from the control circuit 17. The drive circuit 18 supplies these drive signals to corresponding control electrodes among the control electrodes 14 u, 14 v, 14 w, 15 u, 15 v, and 15 w. With this arrangement, a three-phase alternating current can flow into the motor M2.

Prior to describing the power converter according to one embodiment, an example of a first structure of the power converter in a comparative example will be hereafter described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 . FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the example of the first structure of the power converter in the comparative example. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the example of the first structure of the power converter in the comparative example. For convenience, in order to clarify an internal structure of a housing 6 that forms the outline of the power converter, illustration of the housing 6 is omitted in FIG. 2 , and illustration of a control board 16 is omitted in FIG. 3 . A power converter 100 in the comparative example illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 has the circuit configuration illustrated in FIG. 1 .

The power converter 100 includes the housing 6, a power connector 7, an output connector 2, the capacitor 56, a power conversion module 19, and the control board 16. The power converter 100 includes a plurality of busbars that include a first positive busbar 80 b and the like. The power converter 100 includes a current sensor module 28 and a cooler 30.

The housing 6 accommodates various internal components of the power converter 100. The power connector 7 is connected to a power supply harness not illustrated and is connected to a DC power supply not illustrated via the power supply harness. The output connector 2 is connected to the motor M2 (see FIG. 1 ) via the output harness not illustrated. In this example, the power connector 7 and the output connector 2 are separate members, but may be used as an integral member.

The power connector 7 is exposed from the housing 6 and is fixed to the housing 6. The power connector 7 includes the positive terminal 8 p and the negative terminal 9 n.

The output connector 2 is exposed from the housing 6 and is fixed to the housing 6. The output connector 2 includes the output terminals 2 u, 2 v, and 2 w.

The capacitor 56 is accommodated in the housing 6. The capacitor 56 includes the first capacitor electrode 51 and the second capacitor electrodes 52 that are disposed apart from each other in the Y-axis direction.

The power conversion module 19 is a package component that incorporates the switching elements 21 u, 21 v, 21 w, 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w.

The drive circuit 18 and the control circuit 17 are mounted in the control board 16. The drive circuit 18 drives the switching elements 21 u, 21 v, 21 w, 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w within the power conversion module 19, such that three-phase AC power is generated in accordance with control signals supplied from the control circuit 17.

The first positive busbar 80 b is a member that forms the first positive line 80 (FIG. 1 ) that is electrically connected between the positive terminal 8 p and the first capacitor electrode 51. The first negative busbar 90 b is a member that forms the first negative line 90 (FIG. 1 ) that is electrically connected between the negative terminal 9 n and the second capacitor electrode 52.

A second positive busbar 23 ub, a third positive busbar 23 vb, and a fourth positive busbar 23 wb are members each of which forms the second positive line 57 that is electrically connected between the first capacitor electrode 51 and a given first main electrode among first main electrodes 23 u, 23 v, and 23 w. At least a portion of each busbar that forms the second positive line 57 is covered by the capacitor 56.

A second negative busbar 24 ub, a third negative busbar 24 vb, and a fourth negative busbar 24 wb are members each of which forms the second negative electrode line 58 that is electrically connected between the second capacitor electrode 52 and each of fourth main electrodes 24 u, 24 v, and 24 w. At least a portion of each busbar that forms the second negative line 58 is covered by the capacitor 56.

A first U-phase bar 27 ub and a second U-phase bar 26 ub are members that form the output line 1 u (FIG. 1 ) that is electrically connected to the output terminal 2 u, the second main electrode 25 u, and the third main electrode 29 u. A first V-phase bar 27 ub and a second V-phase bar 26 ub are members that form the output line 1 v (FIG. 1 ) that is electrically connected to the output terminal 2 v, the second main electrode 25 v, and the third main electrode 29 v. A first W-phase bar 27 wb and a second W-phase bar 26 wb are members that form the output line 1 w (FIG. 1 ) that is electrically connected to the output terminal 2 w, the second main electrode 25 w, and the third main electrode 29 w.

A current sensor module 28 is a package component that incorporates the current sensors 28 u, 28 v, and 28 w.

The cooler 30 cools the power conversion module 19. The cooler 30 includes a cooling tube 33, a supply tube 34, and a discharge tube 35. The cooling tube 33 extends in the Y-axis direction and has one or more flow passages through which a coolant such as cooling water flows. The supply tube 34 is a member that supplies, to the cooling tube 33, the coolant flowing from an inlet port. The discharge tube 35 is a member that discharges the coolant flowing out of the cooling tube 33, from an outlet port.

In the power converter 100, the capacitor 56 and the power conversion module 19 are connected together at a shortest distance, and an output side of the power conversion module 19 is connected to the output connector 2 via the current sensor module 28. With this arrangement, various internal components are disposed next to each other as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 . However, a client may require to reposition input and output connectors (the power connector 7 and the output connector 2). In this case, in order to deal with repositioning of the input and output connectors, it may be necessary to change the layout of one or more components, one or more busbars, or the like, or to reposition one or more terminals of the power conversion module 19.

For example, it is assumed that a client requests to change the positions of the input and output connectors from a side surface (FIG. 3 ) of the housing 6 in the positive X-axis direction to a side surface (FIG. 4 ) of the housing 6 in the positive Y-axis direction of the housing 6. In this case, positions of one or more terminals of the power conversion module 19 may need to be customized in addition to changes in the layout of the cooler 30, the power conversion module 19, the current sensor module 28, each busbar, and the like. As described above, in the power converter 100 in the comparative example, losses or the like in the time and cost caused by the additional design modification may result when the input and output connectors are repositioned.

In contrast, in the power converter according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, at least a portion of each of lines is formed by a conductive pattern formed on the substrate, without being formed from any busbar. With this arrangement, repositioning of one or more connectors can be dealt with by changing one or more conductive patterns formed on the substrate, and thus the design modification to be made due to the repositioning of the connectors can be flexibly dealt with in comparison to a manner that deals with the design modification by changing one or more busbars. Hereafter, an example of each structure of the power converter according to one embodiment will be described in detail.

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the example of a first structure of the power converter according to one embodiment. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the example of the first structure of the power converter according to one embodiment. For convenience, illustration of the housing 6 is omitted in FIG. 5 in order to clarify the internal structure of the housing 6 that forms the outline of the power converter. The power converter 101 according to one embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 , has the circuit configuration illustrated in FIG. 1 .

The power converter 101 includes the housing 6, the power connector 7, the output connector 2, the capacitor 56, the switching elements 21 u, 21 v, 21 w, 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w, and the substrate 40. The power converter 101 includes a plurality of patterns such as the first positive pattern 80 p and the like. The power converter 101 includes the current sensor circuit 28 p and the cooler 30.

The housing 6 accommodates various internal components of the power converter 101 (in this case, the capacitor 56, the cooler 30, and the substrate 40 on which the switching element 21 u and the like are mounted). In this example, the housing 6 is a hexahedral box, but another polyhedral box may be used. The housing 6 includes housing surfaces 6 a and 6 b facing each other in the X-axis direction, housing surfaces 6 c and 6 d facing each other in the Y-axis direction, and housing surfaces facing each other in the Z-axis direction. For example, the housing 6 has a configuration that includes a case to which various internal components are directly or indirectly attached and includes a cover that covers the various internal components on the case.

The power connector 7 is connected to a power supply harness not illustrated and is connected to a DC power supply not illustrated via the power supply harness. The output connector 2 is connected to the motor M2 (see FIG. 1 ) via an output harness not illustrated. In this example, the power connector 7 and the output connector 2 are separate members, but may be used as an integral member.

The power connector 7 is a component disposed on the side of the housing surface 6 a so as to protrude from the housing surface 6 a. The power connector 7 is exposed from the housing surface 6 a of the housing 6 and is fixed to the housing surface 6 a. The power connector 7 has the positive terminal 8 p and the negative terminal 9 n. The positive terminal 8 p and the negative terminal 9 n are exposed from the housing surface 6 a of the housing 6.

The output connector 2 is a component disposed on the side of the housing surface 6 a so as to protrude from the housing surface 6 a. That is, the output connector 2 is disposed on the side of the housing surface 6 a, as in the power connector 7. The output connector 2 is exposed from the housing surface 6 a of the housing 6 and is fixed to the housing surface 6 a. The output connector 2 has the output terminals 2 u, 2 v, and 2 w. The output terminals 2 u, 2 v, and 2 w are exposed from the housing surface 6 a of the housing 6.

The capacitor 56 is accommodated in the housing 6. The capacitor 56 includes the first capacitor electrode 51 and the second capacitor electrode 52 that are disposed apart from each other in the Y-axis direction. The first capacitor electrode 51 is a terminal provided on the capacitor 56 in the negative Y-axis direction and protrudes from the capacitor surface 56 a of the capacitor 56 in a positive Z-axis direction. The second capacitor electrode 52 is a terminal provided on the capacitor 56 in the positive Y-axis and protrudes from the capacitor surface 56 a of the capacitor 56 in the positive Z-axis direction.

The switching elements 21 u, 21 v, and 21 w are arranged side by side in the Y-axis direction. The switching elements 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w are arranged side by side in the Y-axis direction so as to be on a side of the respective switching elements 21 u, 21 v, and 21 w in the X-axis direction (in this example, the positive X-axis direction). The switching elements 21 u, 21 v, 21 w, 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w for power conversion are chip-type mounting parts on a given surface that is the bottom surface 46 of the substrate 40.

The substrate 40 includes the bottom surface 46 facing a top surface 33 a of the cooler 30 and includes a top surface 47 opposite the bottom surface 46. For example, the drive circuit 18 and the control circuit 17 are mounted on the substrate 40. The drive circuit 18 drives the switching elements 21 u, 21 v, 21 w, 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w such that three-phase AC power is generated based on the control signals supplied from the control circuit 17.

The first positive pattern 80 p forms a first positive line 80 (FIG. 1 ) that is electrically connected between the positive terminal 8 p and the first capacitor electrode 51. The first positive pattern 80 p is a conductive power line pattern formed on the substrate 40. The first negative pattern 90 p forms the first negative line 90 (FIG. 1 ) that is electrically connected between the negative terminal 9 n and the second capacitor electrode 52. The first negative pattern 90 p is a conductive power line pattern formed on the substrate 40.

A second positive pattern 23 up, a third positive pattern 23 vp, and a fourth positive pattern 23 wp form the second positive line 57 that is electrically connected between the first capacitor electrode 51 and each of the first main electrodes 23 u, 23 v, and 23 w. A second positive pattern 23 up, a third positive pattern 23 vp, and a fourth positive pattern 23 wp are conductive power line patterns formed on the substrate 40.

A second negative pattern 24 up, a third negative pattern 24 vp, and a fourth negative pattern 24 wp form the second negative line 58 that is electrically connected between the second capacitor electrode 52 and each of the fourth main electrodes 24 u, 24 v, and 24 w. A second negative pattern 24 up, a third negative pattern 24 vp, and a fourth negative pattern 24 wp are conductive power line patterns formed on the substrate 40.

A U-phase pattern 27 up forms the output line 1 u (FIG. 1 ) that is electrically connected to the output terminal 2 u, the second main electrode 25 u, and the third main electrode 29 u. A V-phase pattern 27 vp forms the output line 1 v (FIG. 1 ) that is electrically connected to the output terminal 2 v, the second main electrode 25 v, and the third main electrode 29 v. A W-phase pattern 27 wp forms the output line 1 w (FIG. 1 ) that is electrically connected to the output terminal 2 w, the second main electrode 25 w, and the third main electrode 29 w. The U-phase pattern 27 up, the V-phase pattern 27 vp, and the W-phase pattern 27 wp are conductive power line patterns formed on the substrate 40.

The current sensor circuit 28 p detects the U-phase current flowing through the U-phase pattern 27 up, detects the W-phase current flowing through the V-phase pattern 27 vp, and detects the W-phase current flowing through the W-phase pattern 27 wp. The current sensor circuit 28 p is electrically connected to the control circuit 17 and outputs a current detection signal for each phase to the control circuit 17.

The cooler 30 cools the switching elements 21 u, 21 v, and 21 w and the switching elements 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w. The cooler 30 extends in the Y-axis direction and is located between the capacitor 56 and a set of input and output connectors (the power connector 7 and the output connector 2). The cooler 30 includes the cooling tube 33, the supply tube 34, and the discharge tube 35.

The cooling tube 33 extends in the Y-axis direction and has one or more flow passages through which the coolant such as cooling water flows. The supply tube 34 is a member that supplies the coolant flowing from an inlet port, to the cooling tube 33. The discharge tube 35 is a member that discharges the coolant flowing out of the cooling tube 33, from an outlet port.

The cooling tube 33 has a top surface 33 a facing the bottom surface 46 of the substrate 40 in the Z-axis direction. When the top surface 33 a of the cooler 30 contacts the switching elements 21 u, 21 v, 21 w, 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w (specifically, a back surface opposite to a given mounting surface), thermal exchange with the switching elements 21 u, 21 v, 21 w, 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w is enabled and thus cooling can be efficiently performed.

With this arrangement, the power converter 101 includes multiple lines that include a plurality of power lines that are each electrically connected to the capacitor 56, given switching elements, and the power connector 7. The multiple lines also include a plurality of output lines that are each electrically connected to a given switching element, among the multiple switching elements, and the output connector 2. At least one among these multiple lines is a line that includes a conductive pattern formed on the substrate 40.

More specifically, in the power converter 101, a plurality of first power lines electrically connected between the power connector 7 and the capacitor 56 are lines each of which includes a conductive power line pattern formed on the substrate 40. In this example, the first power lines (the first positive line 80 and the first negative line 90) are lines that include respective conductive power line patterns (the first positive pattern 80 p and the first negative pattern 90 p) formed on the substrate 40. With this arrangement, when the power connector 7 is repositioned, it can be dealt with by changing the first positive pattern 80 p and the first negative pattern 90 p, and thus the design modification to be made due to the repositioning of the power connector 7 can be flexibly dealt with. For example, when the position of the power connector 7 is changed from the housing surface 6 a (FIG. 6 ) of the housing 6 in the positive X-axis direction, to a housing surface 6 c (FIG. 7 ) of the housing 6 in the positive Y-axis direction, it can be flexibly dealt with by changing the line layout of the first positive pattern 80 p and the first negative pattern 90 p. At least one among the first positive line 80 and the first negative line 90 may be a line that includes a conductive power line pattern formed on the substrate 40. Alternatively, both the first positive line 80 and the first negative line 90 may not be lines each of which includes a conductive power line pattern formed on the substrate 40.

In the power converter 101, a plurality of second power lines, which are each electrically connected between the capacitor 56 and a given switching element among the switching elements, are lines each of which includes a conductive power line pattern formed on the substrate 40. In this example, the second power lines (the second positive line 57 and the second negative electrode line 58) include conductive power line patterns (the second positive pattern 23 up, the third positive pattern 23 vp, the fourth positive pattern 23 wp, the second negative pattern 24 up, the third negative pattern 24 vp, and the fourth negative pattern 24 wp) formed on the substrate 40. With this arrangement, when the power connector 7 is repositioned, it can be dealt with by changing the second positive pattern 23 up or the like, and thus the design modification to be made due to the repositioning of the power connector 7 can be flexibly dealt with. For example, when the position of the power connector 7 is changed from the housing surface 6 a (FIG. 6 ) of the housing 6 in the positive X-axis direction to the housing surface 6 c (FIG. 7 ) of the housing 6 in the positive Y-axis direction, it can be flexibly dealt with by changing the line layout of the second positive pattern 23 up or the like. At least one among the second positive line 57 and the second negative line 58 may be a line that includes a conductive power line pattern formed on the substrate 40. Alternatively, the second positive line 57 and the second negative line 58 may not be lines that each of which includes a conductive power line pattern formed on the substrate 40.

In the power converter 101, a plurality of output lines, which are each electrically connected between the output connector 2 and a given switching element among the switching elements, are lines each of which includes a conductive output line pattern formed on the substrate 40. In this example, the output lines (output lines 1 u, 1 v, and 1 w) include respective conductive output line patterns (U-phase pattern 27 up, V-phase pattern 27 vp, and W-phase pattern 27 wp) formed on the substrate 40. With this arrangement, when the output connector 2 is repositioned, it can be dealt with by changing the U-phase pattern 27 up, the V-phase pattern 27 vp, and the W-phase pattern 27 wp, and thus the design modification to be made due to the repositioning of the output connector 2 can be flexibly dealt with. For example, when the position of the output connector 2 is changed from the housing surface 6 a (FIG. 6 ) of the housing 6 in the positive X-axis direction to the housing surface 6 c (FIG. 7 ) of the housing 6 in the positive Y-axis direction, it can be flexibly dealt with by changing the line layout such as the U-phase pattern 27 up or the like. At least one among the output lines 1 u, 1 v, and 1 w may be a line that includes a conductive power line pattern formed on the substrate 40. Alternatively, the output lines 1 u, 1 v, and 1 w may not be lines each of which includes the conductive power line pattern formed on the substrate 40.

The current sensor circuit 28 p is a current sensor mounted on the substrate 40 and detects the current flowing through each of the U-phase pattern 27 up, the V-phase pattern 27 vp, and the W-phase pattern 27 wp. By employing the current sensor circuit 28 p, the design modification to be made due to the repositioning of the output connector 2 can be flexibly dealt with.

The capacitor 56 includes a plurality of capacitor electrodes (the first capacitor electrode 51 and second capacitor electrode 52) that are provided on a top surface (in this example, a capacitor surface 56 a) facing the bottom surface 46 of the substrate 40. The first capacitor electrode 51 is electrically connected to power line patterns (in this example, the second positive pattern 23 up, the third positive pattern 23 vp, and the fourth positive pattern 23 wp) of given multiple second power lines. The second capacitor electrode 52 is electrically connected to power line patterns (in this example, the second negative pattern 24 up, the third negative pattern 24 vp, and the fourth negative pattern 24 wp) of given multiple second power lines. With this arrangement, the plurality of capacitor electrodes are each electrically connected to the power line patterns of given second power lines, and thus the design modification to be made due to the repositioning of the power connector 7 can be flexibly dealt with.

The substrate 40 also has the bottom surface 46 facing the top surface 33 a of the cooler 30, and a plurality of switching elements that include the switching element 21 u and the like are mounted on the bottom surface 46. With this arrangement, arrangement of the plurality of switching elements, including the switching element 21 u and the like, on the bottom surface 46 can be easily changed. Therefore, the design modification to be made due to the repositioning of the power connector 7 or the output connector 2 can be flexibly dealt with.

The drive circuit 18 for driving a plurality of switching elements, including the switching element 21 u and the like, may be mounted on a common substrate 40 to which a plurality of switching elements including the switching element 21 u and the like are mounted, or may be mounted on another substrate. By mounting the drive circuit 18 on the substrate 40 that is commonly used for the plurality of switching elements including the switching element 21 u and the like, the power converter 101 can made compact in comparison to the manner in which the drive circuit is mounted on another substrate.

The control circuit 17 that supplies the control signals to the drive circuit 18 may be mounted on the common substrate 40 on which a plurality of switching elements including the switching element 21 u and the like are mounted, or may be mounted on another substrate. By mounting the control circuit 17 on the substrate 40 that is commonly used for the plurality of switching elements including the switching element 21 u and the like, the power converter 101 can be made compact in comparison to a manner in which the control circuit is mounted on another substrate.

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the power converter in a first modification of the embodiment. A power converter 101A illustrated in FIG. 8 is described as the first modification of the power converter 101 described above. In FIG. 8 , illustration of the conductive patterns formed on the substrate 40 is omitted.

The top surface 33 a of the cooler 30 has recesses 33 aa into which a plurality of switching elements 21 u, 21 v, 21 w, 22 u, 22 v, and 22 w are respectively inserted. By fixing the substrate 40 to the cooler 30 in a state in which the plurality of switching elements, including the switching element 21 u and the like, are inserted into the respective recesses 33 aa, the plurality of switching elements including the switching element 21 u and the like can be efficiently cooled from the peripheries of the switching elements. Each recess 33 aa may be a hole or a groove. In the configuration in FIG. 5 , for a cooling system for the switching elements, single-side cooling is performed by thermal exchange with one surface of each switching element in contact with the cooler 30. In contrast, in the configuration in FIG. 8 , for the cooling system for the switching elements, double-side cooling is performed by thermal exchange with each of at least two sides of each switching element. In this case, in comparison to the configuration in FIG. 5 , the configuration in FIG. 8 improves cooling efficiency.

A plurality of switching elements, including the switching element 21 u and the like illustrated in FIG. 8 , are mounting parts that are mounted in respective through-holes and of which the longitudinal direction of each refers to the Z-axis direction. The switching elements are electrically bonded to respective through-holes 48 formed in the substrate 40, by soldering or the like. The plurality of switching elements, including the switching element 21 u and the like, may be mounting parts of which the longitudinal direction of each refers to the Z-axis direction, as illustrated in FIG. 9 .

FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of the power converter according to a second modification of the embodiment. FIG. 11 is a front view of the power converter according to the second modification of the embodiment. A power converter 101B illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11 is described as the second modification of the power converter 101 described above. In FIG. 10 , illustration of the second positive pattern 23 up and the like formed on the substrate 40 is omitted. FIG. 10 illustrates the configuration in which the power connector 7 and the output connector 2 are used as an integral member, but their connectors may be separate members.

The connector 10 is a member in which the power connector 7 and the output connector 2 are integrated, and is mounted on the bottom surface 46 of the substrate 40. The connector 10 has a plurality of terminals electrically connected to respective conductive patterns of lines that are formed on the substrate 40. The connector 10 includes the positive terminal 8 p, the negative terminal 9 n, and the output terminals 2 u, 2 v, and 2 w, and includes a plurality of connection terminals 10 p, 10 n, 10 u, 10 v, and 10 w. The connection terminals 10 p, 10 n, 10 u, 10 v, and 10 w are electrodes that are electrically connected to the positive terminal 8 p, the negative terminal 9 n, and the output terminals 2 u, 2 v, and 2 w, respectively. The connection terminals 10 p, 10 n, 10 u, 10 v, and 10 w are provided on a connector surface 10 a of the connector 10 in the positive Z-axis direction.

The connector 10 and the substrate 40 are fixed to each other by one or more first fixing members. In this example, the connector 10 and the substrate 40 are fastened to each other by fastening members 44 such as screws. The connection terminals 10 p, 10 n, 10 u, 10 v, and 10 w are electrically connected to conductive patterns of a plurality of lines via conductive first fixing members such as fastening members 44, respectively. With this arrangement, the conductive first fixing members can be shared when a mechanical connection and an electrical connection are performed. The connection terminals 10 p, 10 n, 10 u, 10 v, and 10 w are electrically connected to the first positive pattern 80 p, the first negative pattern 90 p, the U-phase pattern 27 up, the V-phase pattern 27 vp, and the W-phase pattern 27 wp, respectively.

For example, the fastening members 44 that are external screws are respectively inserted into multiple internal screw holes, each of which is formed in a given connection terminal among the connection terminals 10 p, 10 n, 10 u, 10 v, and 10 w, where the external screws are also respectively inserted into multiple substrate through-holes formed in the substrate 40. With this arrangement, the connector 10 and the substrate 40 are fastened, and the connection terminals 10 p, 10 n, 10 u, 10 v, and 10 w are electrically connected to the first positive pattern 80 p, the first negative pattern 90 p, the U-phase pattern 27 up, the V-phase pattern 27 vp, and the W-phase pattern 27 wp, respectively. The connection terminals 10 p, 10 n, 10 u, 10 v, and 10 w may be electrically connected to respective lands not illustrated that are formed on the bottom surface 46 of the substrate 40.

The substrate 40 and the capacitor 56 are fixed to each other by second fixing members. In this example, the substrate 40 and the capacitor 56 are fastened to each other by fastening members 43 such as screws. The first capacitor electrode 51 and the second capacitor electrode 52 are electrically connected to power line patterns of the plurality of second power lines via second conductive fixing members such as fastening members 43, respectively. With this arrangement, the conductive second fixing members can be shared when the mechanical connection and electrical connection are performed. The capacitor electrode 51 is electrically connected to the first substrate electrode 41 formed on the substrate 40, and the second capacitor electrode 52 is electrically connected to the second substrate electrode 42 formed on the substrate 40. The first substrate electrode 41 is electrically connected to given conductive power line patterns that form the second positive line 57, and the second substrate electrode 42 is electrically connected to given conductive power line patterns that form the second negative electrode line 58.

For example, the fastening member 43 that is an external screw is inserted into an internal screw hole formed in the first capacitor electrode 51 and a substrate through-hole formed in the first substrate electrode 41. With this arrangement, the substrate 40 and the capacitor 56 are fastened to each other, and the first capacitor electrode 51 and the first substrate electrode 41 are electrically connected together. Similarly, the fastening member 43 that is an external screw is inserted into an internal screw hole formed in the second capacitor electrode 52 and a substrate through-hole formed in the second substrate electrode 42. With this arrangement, the substrate 40 and the capacitor 56 are fastened to each other, and the second capacitor electrode 52 and the second substrate electrode 42 are electrically connected together. The first capacitor electrode 51 and the second capacitor electrode 52 may be electrically connected to respective lands not illustrated formed on the bottom surface 46 of the substrate 40.

Although not illustrated, the first positive pattern 80 p and the first negative pattern 90 p may be electrically connected to respective electrodes disposed in the capacitor 56, via second fixing members, respectively, as in the second positive line 57 and second negative line 58 and the first capacitor electrode 51 and second capacitor electrode 52. With this arrangement, the second conductive fixing members can be shared when the mechanical connection and electrical connection are performed.

FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view of the power converter according to a third modification of the embodiment. A power converter 101C illustrated in FIG. 12 is described as the third modification of the power converter 101 described above. The connector 11 according to the third modification includes a plurality of lead terminals 11 p, 11 n, 11 u, 11 v, and 11 w, instead of the plurality of connection terminals 10 p, 10 n, 10 u, 10 v, and 10 w of the connector 10 according to the second modification.

The lead terminals 11 p, 11 n, 11 u, 11 v, and 11 w are fixed to through-holes not illustrated formed in the substrate 40, through conductive first fixing members such as solder, respectively, and thus the connector 11 and the substrate 40 are fixed to each other.

FIG. 13 is a front view of the power converter according to a fourth modification of the embodiment. A power converter 101D illustrated in FIG. 13 is described as the fourth modification of the power converter 101 described above. In the fourth modification, the connection terminals 10 p, 10 n, 10 u, 10 v, and 10 w are electrically connected to the first positive pattern 80 p, the first negative pattern 90 p, the U-phase pattern 27 up, the V-phase pattern 27 vp, and the W-phase pattern 27 wp, through conductive busbars 12, respectively. The busbars 12 are fastened at one end each of the busbars to the connection terminals 10 p, 10 n, 10 u, 10 v, and 10 w through fastening members 45 such as screws, respectively. The other ends of the busbars 12 are electrically connected to the first positive pattern 80 p, the first negative pattern 90 p, the U-phase pattern 27 up, the V-phase pattern 27 vp, and the W-phase pattern 27 wp, through conductive fastening members 44 (each of which is one example of a first fixing member) such as screws, respectively.

Although the power converter has been described according to the embodiments, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above. Various changes and modifications, such as combinations and substitutions with some or all of the other embodiments, can be made within the scope of the present disclosure.

For example, the power converter in the present disclosure is not limited to an inverter that generates a three-phase alternating current, and may be an inverter that generates an alternating current other than the three-phase alternating current.

The power converter in the present disclosure is not limited to an inverter that converts DC into AC, and may be a converter that converts DC into DC. A specific example of such a power converter includes a boost voltage converter that boosts an input voltage and outputs the boosted voltage, a buck voltage converter that steps down an input voltage and outputs a lowered voltage, or a boost and buck converter that boosts or steps down an input voltage and outputs it.

This international application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-038108, filed Mar. 5, 2020, and the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A power converter comprising: a capacitor; a substrate on which a plurality of switching elements for power conversion are mounted; a cooler for cooling the plurality of switching elements; a housing that accommodates the capacitor, the substrate, and the cooler; a power connector exposed from the housing; an output connector exposed from the housing; and a plurality of lines that include a plurality of power lines each electrically connected to the capacitor, given switching elements, and the power connector, and a plurality of output lines each electrically connected to a given switching element and the output connector, wherein at least one among the plurality of lines is a line that includes a conductive pattern formed on the substrate.
 2. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein at least one connector among the power connector and the output connector includes a plurality of terminals electrically connected to respective conductive patterns of given lines.
 3. The power converter according to claim 2, wherein the connector and the substrate are fixed to each other by a first fixing member.
 4. The power converter according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of terminals are electrically connected to the respective conductive patterns of the given lines via conductive first fixing members, respectively.
 5. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein at least one among the plurality of output lines is a line that includes a conductive output line pattern formed on the substrate.
 6. The power converter according to claim 5, further comprising a current sensor mounted on the substrate, wherein the current sensor is configured to detect a current flowing into the output line pattern.
 7. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein at least one among the plurality of power lines is a line that includes a conductive power line pattern formed on the substrate.
 8. The power converter according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of power lines include a plurality of first power lines electrically connected between the power connector and the capacitor, and a plurality of second power lines each electrically connected between the capacitor and a given switching element among the plurality of switching elements, and wherein at least one among the plurality of first power lines and the plurality of second power lines is a line that includes the conductive power line pattern formed on the substrate.
 9. The power converter according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of second power lines are lines each including a conductive power line pattern formed on the substrate.
 10. The power converter according to claim 9, wherein the capacitor includes a plurality of capacitor electrodes provided on a top surface of the capacitor facing a bottom surface of the substrate, and wherein the plurality of capacitor electrodes are each electrically connected to power line patterns of given second power lines.
 11. The power converter according to claim 10, wherein the substrate and the capacitor are fixed to each other by a second fixing member.
 12. The power converter according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of capacitor electrodes are each electrically connected to the power line patterns of the given second power lines via a conductive second fixing member.
 13. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the substrate has a bottom surface facing a top surface of the cooler, and wherein the plurality of switching elements are mounted on the bottom surface of the substrate.
 14. The power converter according to claim 13, wherein the top surface of the cooler contacts the plurality of switching elements.
 15. The power converter according to claim 13, wherein the top surface of the cooler includes recesses into which the plurality of switching elements are respectively inserted.
 16. The power converter according to claim 1, further comprising a drive circuit mounted on the substrate, wherein the drive circuit is configured to drive the plurality of switching elements.
 17. The power converter according to claim 16, further comprising a control circuit mounted on the substrate, wherein the drive circuit is configured to drive the plurality of switching elements in accordance with one or more control signals supplied from the control circuit. 